DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2021-19-2-58-67
Abstract
This paper identifies the effect of multistage mechanical activation of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the uniformity of the temperature field distribution on the surface of a nanomodified organosilicon elastomer. It describes an MWCNT preliminary treatment procedure before mechanical activation in order to create a homogeneous dispersed composition by removing impurity electrically conductive particles and decreasing impurity conductivity. The author found out the influence of each of the mechanical activation stages on the parameters of MWCNTs. At the first stage of mechanical activation, MWCNTs are distributed in the volume, and a homogeneous dispersed system is formed, influencing efficiency of the second main stage due to the fact that this stage has an effect on the activity of MWCNTs, when interacting with the elastomer matrix, in particular on an interfacial contact between MWCNTs and the polymer matrix. The second stage decreases in the entanglement of MWCNTs formed into separate beams and increases the efficiency of heat release, making it homogeneous and uniform with a maximum temperature, reaching a peak value of 57.1ºС. The paper contains studies on a distribution of the temperature field in WF-20B, a centrifugal paddle mixer for mixing MWCNT with graphite, showing that in addition to the mechanical action on MWCNTs, there is also a thermal effect associated with the transition of mechanical friction energy of the binary mixture MWCNTs/graphite on the paddle and walls of the container, while the temperature can reach 104.6ºС. The paper also includes studies on the strength characteristics of nanomodified adhesive composites based on polyurethane elastomer; as a result, it was identified that mechanical activation leads to an improvement in strength up to a value of 2.75 ± 5% MPa. The best concentration of the binary mixture MWCNTs/graphite in the elastomer matrix is 3%.
Keywords
Percolation, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, mechanical activation, heat release, modification, elastomers.
For citation
Shchegolkov A.V. Multistage Mechanical Activation of MWCNTS to Improve Percolation Transitions in the Elastomer / MWCNTS System: Approaches to the Implementation and Practice of Modifying Elastomers. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta im. G.I. Nosova [Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University]. 2021, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 58–67. https://doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2021-19-2-58-67
1. Zhan Y., Li Y., Meng Y., Xie Q., Lavorgna M. Electric heating behavior of reduced oxide graphene/carbon nanotube/natural rubber composites with macro‐porous structure and segregated filler network. Polymers, 2020, vol. 12, no. 10, 2411, pp. 1–14.
2. Bao S.P., Liang G.D., Tjong S.C. Positive temperature coefficient effect of polypropylene/carbon nanotube/montmorillonite hybrid nanocomposites. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol, 2009, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 729–736.
3. Jang S.H., Park Y.L. Carbon nanotube-reinforced smart composites for sensing of the freezing temperature and deicing by self-heating. Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, 2018, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 1–8.
4. Jia S.-L., Geng H.-Z., Wang L., Tian Y., Xu C.-X., Shi P.-P., Gu Z.-Z., Yuan X.-S., Jing L.-Ch., Guo Z.-Y., Kong J. Carbon nanotube-based flexible electrothermal film heaters with a high heating rate. Royal Society Open Science, 2018, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 172072.
5. Yao X., Hawkins S.C., Falzon B.G. An advanced antiicing/de-icing system utilizing highly aligned carbon nanotube webs. Carbon, 2018, vol. 136, pp. 130–138.
6. Guangming C., Mengyun Y., Junjie P., Deshan C., Zhigang X., Xin W., Bin T. Large-scale production of highly stretchable CNT/cotton/spandex composite yarn for wearable applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, vol. 10, no. 38, pp. 32726–32735.
7. Cai G., Yang M., Pan J., Cheng D., Xia Z., Wang X., Tang B. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, vol. 10, no. 38, 32726.
8. Kugler S., Kowalczyk K., Spychaj T. Transparent epoxy coatings with improved electrical, barrier and thermal features made of mechanically dispersed carbon nanotubes. Progress in Organic Coatings, 2017, vol., no. 111, pp. 196–201.
9. Li J., Ma P.-C., Chow W.S., To C.K., Tang B.Z., Kim J.-K. Correlations between percolation threshold, dispersion state, and aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2007, vol. 17, no. 16, pp. 3207–3215.
10. Hu X., Zou C., Huang H. Preparation and characterization of self-supported conductive nanocables based on polyaniline and linear carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin polymer functionalized carbon nanotubes. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2021, vol. 608, 125573
11. Shaolei L., Guangfen L., Run T. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with an ultrahigh fraction of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups by ultrasound-assisted oxidation. J. Mater. Sci., 2016, vol. 51, pp. 3513–3524.
12. Shchegolkov A.V., Yagubov V.S., Khan Y.A., Komarov F.F. Effect of addition of carbon nanotubes on electrical conductance and heat dissipation of elastomers at flow of direct current. Inorg. Mater. Appl. Res., 2020, vol. 11, pp. 1191–1198.
13. Komarov F.F., Tkachev A.G., Shchegolkov A.V. et al. Influence of methods of forming polymer composite materials with carbon nanotubes on the mechanisms of electrical conductivity. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki [Journal of Technical Physics], 2021, no. 3, pp. 475–483. (In Russ.)
14. Eom J.Y., Kim D.Y., Kwon H.S. Effects of ball-milling on lithium insertion into multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by thermal chemical vapour deposition. Journal of Power Sources, 2006, vol. 157, pp. 507–514.
15. Avvakumov E.G. Mekhanicheskie metody aktivatsii khimicheskikh protsessov [Mechanical methods of activation of chemical processes]. 2nd ed., rev. and updated. Novosibirsk: Science, 1986, 306 p. (In Russ.)
16. Kalinin V.F., Shchegolkov A.V. Elektroteploakkumuliruyushchiy nagrevatel [Electric heat storage heater]. Patent RF, no. 2466333, 2012.
17. Shchegolkov A.V. Application of nanomodified polyurethane composites for electromagnetic radiation protection systems. Tekhnologii i materialy dlya ekstremalnykh usloviy (prognoznye issledovaniya i innovatsionnye razrabotki: materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii) [Technologies and materials for extreme conditions (predictive research and innovative development). Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Conference]. Ed. by Myasoedov B.F. Tambov, 2018, pp. 236–241. (In Russ.)
18. Shchegolkov A.V. Application of mechanical activation of carbon nanotubes in nanomodification of elastomers. Sovremennye tverdofaznye tekhnologii: teoriya, praktika i innovatsionnyi menedzhment: materialy X Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-innovatsionnoy molodezhnoy konferentsii [Modern solid phase technologies: theory, practice and innovation management. Proceedings of the 10th International Scientific and Innovative Youth Conference]. Tambov, 2018, pp. 272-274. (In Russ.)
19. Mamunya Y.P., Davydenko V.V., Pissis P., Lebedev E.V. Electrical and thermal conductivity of polymers filled with metal powders. European Polymer Journal, 2002, no. 38(9), pp. 1887–1897.
20. Eletskiy A.V., Knizhnik A.A., Potapkin B.V., Kenny J.M. Electrical characteristics of carbon nanotube doped composites. UFN [Advances in Physical Sciences], 2015, volume 185, no. 3, pp. 225–270. (In Russ.)
21. Shchegolkov A.V., Shchegolkov A.V. Elektronagrevateli na osnove polimerov, modifitsirovannykh uglerodnymi nanostrukturami s effektom samoregulirovaniya: elektro- i teplofizicheskie svoistva: monografiya [Electric heaters based on polymers modified with carbon nanostructures with the self-regulation effect: electrical and thermophysical properties: monograph]. Moscow: RUSCIENCE, 2021, 144 p. (In Russ.)