DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-2-47-53
Abstract
The rapid development of the technology of wire arc additive manufacturing of materials that differ significantly from conventional materials in their structure and properties entails studying the nature of changes in the informative parameters of the structural degradation of these groups of alloys to ensure their non-destructive testing during operation. The paper describes the studies on the accumulation of structural damage under fatigue loading of steel 09G2S produced by WAAM technology, using a combination of non-destructive testing methods (physical acoustics, magnetic particle inspection, optical studies). The proposed informative characteristics include such parameters as the fractal dimension of the microstructure in the operating area (DF), the acoustic parameter (D), and coercive force (Hc). It is shown that during fatigue loading individual grains of the material show a large number of slip bands and a subsequent increase in both their number and thickness already at the starting stage of loading. It has been established that the obtained relationships of the non-destructive testing characteristics have a certain correlation and reflect structural changes in the material. Thus, during the fatigue loading process, before the macrocrack formation, there is a monotonic decrease in the fractal dimension of the microstructure and the acoustic parameter, as well as an increase in coercive force. After the macrocrack formation the nature of the relationship between these characteristics changes and there is a slight increase in the acoustic parameter and a decrease in coercive force to the initial values. The established relationships of the informative parameters of non-destructive testing methods contribute to shaping an unambiguous opinion about the stage of fracture of the material and its residual life and may be used to diagnose materials during their testing and operation.
Keywords
3D printing, WAAM technology, fatigue loading, fractal analysis, non-destructive testing
For citation
Anosov M.S., Ryabov D.A., Chernigin M.A., Solovyov A.A. Non-Destructive Testing of the Accumulation of Fatigue Damage in Steel Sv-09G2S Produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta im. G.I. Nosova [Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University]. 2023, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 47-53. https://doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-2-47-53
1. Jackson M.A., Van Asten A., Morrow J.D. et al. Energy consumption model for additive-subtractive manufacturing processes with case study. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology. 2018;5(4):459-466. DOI: 10.1007/ s40684-018-0049-y
2. Pinto-Lopera J.E., S.T. Motta J.M., Absi Alfaro S.C. Real-time measurement of width and height of weld beads in GMAW processes. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). 2016;16(9):1500. DOI: 10.3390/s16091500
3. Li J., Alkahari M.R., Rosli N.A. et al. Review of wire arc additive manufacturing for 3D metal printing. International Journal of Automation Technology. 2019;13(3):346-353. DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2019.p0346
4. Terentyev V.F., Korableva S.A. Ustalost metallov [Fatigue of metals]. Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow: Nauka, 2015, 484 p. (In Russ.)
5. Ledenev V.V., Skrylev V.I. Avarii, razrusheniya i povrezhdeniya. Prichiny, posledstviya i preduprezhdeniya: monografiya [Failures, fracture and damage. Causes, consequences and prevention: a monograph]. Tambov: Publishing House of Tambov State Technical University, 2017, 440 p. (In Russ.)
6. Chernyavsky A.O. Development of surface systems of cracks under mechanical load. Vestnik YuUrGU. Seriya: Matematika. Mekhanika. Fizika [Bulletin of South Ural State University. Series: Mathematics. Mechanics. Physics]. 2003;(4):78-82. (In Russ.)
7. Kabaldin Yu.G., Anosov M.S., Ryabov D.A. et al. Study on of the influence of 3D printing modes on the structure and cold resistance of steel 08G2S. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. G.I.Nosova [Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University]. 2021;19(4):64-70. DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2021-19-4-64-70
8. Gonchar A.V., Kurashkin K.V., Klyushnikov V.A. et al. Fatigue life prediction of structural steel using acoustic birefringence and characteristics of persistent slip bands. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures. 2021;45(1):101-102. DOI: 10.1111/ ffe.13586
9. Khlybov A.A., Kabaldin Yu.G., Zhelonkin M.V. et al. Development of an automated measuring system of non-destructive testing for measuring the parameters of elastic waves in metallic materials. Intellektualnaya elektrotekhnika [Smart Electrical Engineering]. 2021;(4(16)):101-114. (In Russ.)
10. Gonchar A.V., Mishakin V.V. Study on the fatigue failure process of low-carbon steel 15YuTA with non-destructive testing methods. Trudy NGTU im. R.E.Alekseeva [Proceedings of Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University]. 2011;(3):235-243. (In Russ.)