Shchegolkov A.V., Shchegolkov A.V., Komarov F.F., Parfimovich D.I. Composite Nanostructured MWCNT/Polyurethane Material for Protection Against Electromagnetic Radiation

DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2021-19-4-71-81

Abstract

An active distribution of cellular systems, new data transfer technologies, such as 4G and 5G, and a distributed system of high-voltage electric transmission lines have resulted in an increase in electromagnetic radiation to environment. To minimize effect of electromagnetic radiation, we may use materials capable of absorbing or reflecting it. The paper presents studies on the morphology and properties of the interaction between nanocomposite materials based on polyurethane and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The authors studied polyurethane with MWCNT within a range of mass concentration from 0.5 to 8% by weight. To determine optical characteristics of composite materials within a microwave range (effects of electromagnetic radiation transmission, reflection and absorption), the authors used a scalar network analyzer built on a sweep generator, a waveguide slotted line, a block of an analyzer and a signal processing system. The research conducted showed that the composites based on polyurethane with 2 and 4% by weight of MWCNT were characterized by the highest absorption coefficients, namely from ~ 55 to ~ 62% of EMR in the frequency range from 9.5 to 12 GHz. It was revealed that polyurethane with 8 % by weight of MWCNT showed a slight change in the absorption coefficient from ~ 37 to ~ 42%. An increase in the concentration of MWCNT in polyurethane to 4 % by weight results in forming inclusions of MWCNT on the upper side of the sample. Maximum concentration of MWCNT, amounting to 8% by weight, results in non-uniformity of the upper side of the sample with a developed surface, which is mostly covered with agglomerations of MWCNT. All the composites showed a non-monotonic decrease in the reflection coefficient and an increase in the absorption coefficient with increasing measuring frequency.

Keywords

Multiwall carbon nanotubes, modification, elastomers, polyurethane, electromagnetic radiation, surfactants, transmission electron microscopy.

For citation

Shchegolkov A.V., Shchegolkov A.V., Komarov F.F., Parfimovich D.I. Composite Nanostructured MWCNT/Polyurethane Material for Protection Against Electromagnetic Radiation. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta im. G.I. Nosova [Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University]. 2021, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 71–81. https://doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2021-19-4-71-81

Alexander V. Shchegolkov – PhD (Eng.), Associate Professor, Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia. Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. ORCID 0000-0002-4317-0689

Alexey V. Shchegolkov – Researcher, Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia. Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. ORCID 0000-0002-1838-3842

Fadey F. Komarov – Head of the Laboratory, DrSc (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Sevchenko Institute of Applied Physical Problems Research Institute, Minsk, Belarus. Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. ORCID 0000-0001-8292-8942

Ivan D. Parfimovich – Junior Researcher, Sevchenko Institute of Applied Physical Problems Research Institute, Minsk, Belarus. Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. (8017)3983909. ORCID 0000-0002-5922-6333

1. Liu C., Wang L., Liu S., Tong L., Liu X. Fabrication strategies of polymer-based electromagnetic interference shielding materials. Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research, 2020, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aiepr.2020.10.002

2. Kumar K.S., Rengaraj R., Venkatakrishnan G.R., Chandramohan A. Polymeric materials for electromagnetic shielding - A review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.720

3. Menzer K., Krause B., Boldt R., Kretzschmar B., Weidisch R., Pötschke P. Percolation behaviour of multiwalled carbon nanotubes of altered length and primary agglomerate morphology in melt mixed isotactic polypropylene-based composites. Composites Science and Technology, 2011, vol. 71, no. 16, pp. 1936–1943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.09.009

4. Liu S., Qin S., Jiang Y., Song P., Wang H. Lightweight high-performance carbon-polymer nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2021, vol. 145, pp. 106376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa. 2021.106376

5. Verma M., Chauhan S.S., Dhawan S.K., Choudhary V. Graphene nanoplatelets/carbon nanotubes/polyurethane composites as efficient shield against electromagnetic polluting radiations. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2017, vol. 120, pp. 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.compositesb.2017.03.068

6. Zhang W., Wei L., Ma Zh., Fan Q., Ma J. Advances in waterborne polymer/carbon material composites for electromagnetic interference shielding. Carbon, 2021, vol. 177, pp. 412–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.carbon.2021.02.093

7. Anderson L., Govindaraj P., Ang A., Mirabedini A., Hameed N. Modelling, fabrication and characterization of graphene/polymer nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications. Carbon Trends, 2021, vol. 4, pp. 100047. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cartre.2021.100047

8. Fu B., Ren P., Guo Z., Du Y., Jin Y., Sun Z., Dai Z., Ren F. Construction of three-dimensional interconnected graphene nanosheet network in thermoplastic polyurethane with highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2021, vol. 215, pp. 108813. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10570-021-03722-z

9. Lei Z., Tian D., Liu X., Wei J., Rajavel K., Zhao T., Hu Y., Zhu P., Sun R., Wong C.-B. Electrically conductive gradient structure design of thermoplastic polyurethane composite foams for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding and ultra-low microwave reflectivity. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, vol. 424, pp. 130365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130365

10. Shin B., Mondal S., Lee M., Kim S., Huh Y., Nah Ch. Flexible thermoplastic polyurethane-carbon nanotube composites for electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal management. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, vol. 418, pp. 129282. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cej.2021.129282

11. Zhang J., Li H., Xu T., Wu J., Zhou S., Hang Z.H., Zhang X., Yang Z. Homogeneous silver nanoparticles decorating 3D carbon nanotube sponges as flexible high-performance electromagnetic shielding composite materials. Carbon, 2020, vol. 165, pp. 404-411. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.carbon.2020.04.043

12. Kozak N., Matzui L., Vovchenko L., Kosyanchuk L., Oliynyk V., Antonenko O., Nesin S., Gagolkina Z. Influence of coordination complexes of transition metals on EMI-shielding properties and permeability of polymer blend/carbon nanotube/nickel composites. Composites Science and Technology, 2020, vol. 200, pp. 108420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020. 108420

13. Shchegolkov A.V., Shchegolkov A.V., Parfimovich I.D., Burakova E.A., Kobelev A.V., Dyachkova T.P. Aspects of the directional synthesis of carbon nanotubes to create hierarchical radio-absorbing composite materials. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta inzhenernykh tekhnologii [Proceedings of Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies]. 2018, vol. 80, no. 4 (78), pp. 337-343. https://doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-4-337-343

14. Shchegolkov A.V., Shchegolkov A.V., Komarov F.F., Parfimovich I.D. The use of elastomers modified with carbon nanotubes in the creation of self-regulating electric heaters and materials for protection against electromagnetic radiation. Rossiiskii khimicheskii zhurnal [Russian Chemical Journal]. 2020, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 39–45. https://doi.org/10.6060/rcj.2020644.4

15. Shchegolkov A.V. Multistage mechanical activation of MWCNTs to improve percolation transitions in the elastomer/MWCNTs system: Approaches to the implementation and practice of modifying elastomers. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. G.I. Nosova [Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University]. 2021, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 58–67. https://doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2021-19-2-58-67

16. Komarov F.F., Parfimovich I.D., Tkachev A.G., Shchegolkov A.V., Shchegolkov A.V., Milchanin O. V., Bondarev V. Effect of methods for fabrication of polymer composites with carbon nanotubes on conduction processes. Tech. Phys. 66, 461–469 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063784221030129

17. Bakshi S.R., Tercero J.E., Agarwal A. Synthesis and characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotube reinforced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite by electrostatic spraying technique. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2007, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 2493–2499. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.compositesa. 2007.08.004

18. Ghaleb Z.A., Mariatti M., Ariff Z.M. Properties of graphene nanopowder and multi-walled carbon nanotube-filled epoxy thin-film nanocomposites for electronic applications: The effect of sonication time and filler loading. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2014, vol. 58, pp. 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.compositesa.2013.12.002

19. Xia T., Zeng D., Li Zh., Young R.J., Vallés C., Kinloch I. Electrically conductive GNP/epoxy composites for out-of-autoclave thermoset curing through Joule heating. Composites Science and Technology, 2018, vol. 164, pp. 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech. 2018.05.053

20. Yan D.-X., Pang H., Li B., Vajtai R., Xu L., Ren P.-G., Wang J.-H., Li Zh.-M. Structured Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polymer Composites for Ultra-Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. Advanced Functional Materials, 2015, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 559–566. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201403809

21. Vyas M.K., Chandra A. Magneto-dielectric and magneto-conducting fillers based polymer composites: Effect of functionalization, coating and dispersion process on electromagnetic shielding properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2021, vol. 138:e50602. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.50602