ISSN (print) 1995-2732
ISSN (online) 2412-9003

 

download PDF

Abstract

Problem Statement (Relevance): This article describes the capabilities of an advanced complex of mineralogical analysis methods applied for studying the technical stone. With the help of the complex, one can obtain complete and reliable information on the material composition and the morphostructure of the mineral phases, simulate the mineral formation processes behind the technical stone, analyse the economic needs of the region and predict what areas the technical raw materials are likely to find further application in. Using the example of the blast furnace slag, the authors support the feasibility of integrating the conventional mineralogical methods (such as optical microscopy and quantitative X-ray analysis) with the methods of electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy. Objectives: This research aims to substantiate the feasibility of integrating mineralogical analysis methods for studying metallurgical slags. Methods Applied: A combination of advanced mineralogical analysis methods including optical microscopy (optical petrography and mineralogy), quantitative X-ray analysis, electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy. Mineralogical studies are regulated by the guidelines approved by the Council for Mineralogical Research Methods. Originality: The originality of this research is in the novel approach to studying the material composition of slags, i.e. using a combination of the mineralogical analysis methods. Findings: This article describes the results of the study into blast furnace slags. Due to the optimum combination of methods, the authors were able to carry out a phase analysis of the slags, determine the actual chemical composition of the phases identified and the distribution of the chemical components across the grain plane, study the morphology of the slag-forming mineral phases and their spatial relationships. All that helped identify the sequence and the mechanism of phase formation. Practical Relevance: The data obtained provide all the information about the phase composition of the slags in view, as well as the mechanism of how the slags form in the blast furnace hearth.

Keywords

Blast-furnace slag, material composition, man-made mineral raw materials, mineralogical analysis methods, integration, mineral phases, akermanite, oldhamite, skeletal and dendritic crystals.

Elena A. Gorbatova – D.Sc. (Geology and Minerology)

Fedorovsky National Institute of Mineral Resources, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Elena G. Ozhogina – D.Sc. (Geology and Minerology)

Fedorovsky National Institute of Mineral Resources, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Alexey N. Lebedev – Postgraduate Student

Fedorovsky National Institute of Mineral Resources, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Elena A. Yemelyanenko – Ph.D. (Eng.), Associate Professor

Mine Surveying and Minerals Processing, Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Alexander S. Kharchenko – Ph.D. (Eng.), Associate Professor

Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Valentin N. Selivanov – Ph.D. (Eng.), Professor

Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

1. Panishev N.V., Bigeev V.A., Galiullina E.S. Processing of metallurgical slags at MMK OJSC. Metallurgiya: tekhnologii, innovatsii, kachestvo [Collection of papers: Metallurgy: Processes, Innovations, Quality]. Ed. by E.V. Protopopov, Novokuznetsk, 2015, pp. 377-379. (In Russ.)

2. Tretyak A.A. Blast furnace production in Russia in 2011-2016. Metallurgiya chuguna – vyzovy XXI veka. Trudy VIII mezhdunarodnogo kongressa domenshchikov [Metallurgy of cast iron: Challenges of the XXI century. Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Blast Furnace Operators]. Moscow: Kodeks Publishing House, 2017, pp. 21–35. (In Russ.)

3. Panishev N.V., Bigeev V.A., Galiullina E.S. Use of the blast furnace dust in the production of composite flux. V sbornike: Metallurgiya: tekhnologii, innovatsii, kachestvo [Collection of papers: Metallurgy: Processes, Innovations, Quality]. Ed. by E.V. Protopopov, 2015, pp. 285–288. (In Russ.)

4. Panishev N.V., Bigeev V.A., Galiulina E.S. Prospective recycling of coal tailings and the solid waste of thermal power plants. Teoriya i tekhnologiya metallurgicheskogo proizvodstva [The theory and technology of metallurgical production], 2015, no. 2 (17), pp. 69–76. (In Russ.)

5. Panishev N.V., Bigeev V.A., Chernyaev A.A., Panteleev A.V. Processing of fine-grained metallurgical waste with the production of granulated cast iron and the extraction of zinc. Teoriya i tekhnologiya metallurgicheskogo proizvodstva [The theory and technology of metallurgical production], 2014, no. 2 (15), pp. 101–105.

6. Panishev N.V., Bigeev V.A., Chernyaev A.A. Processing of fine-grained metallurgical waste with the production of granulated cast iron and the extraction of zinc. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. G.I. Nosova [Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogork State Technical University], 2013, no. 4 (44), pp. 26–29. (In Russ.)

7. Bigeev V.А. et al. Osnovy metallurgicheskogo proizvodstva: Uchebnik [Basics of metallurgical production: Textbook]. St. Petersburg: Lan’, 2017, 616 p. Available at: http://e.lanbook.com/book/90165.

8. Sudarvizhi Meenakshi S, Ilangovan. R, Performance of Copper slag and ferrous slag as partial replacement of sand in Concrete, International Journal of Civil And Structural Engineering, volume 1, no. 4, 2011 (ISSN 0976-4399).

9. Jadhav Priyanka A., and Kulkarni Dilip K., Effect of Replacement of Natural Sand By Manufactured Sand on the Properties of Cement Mortar. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, vol. 3, no. 3, 2013 (E-ISSN 0976-3945).

10. Nataraja M C, Kumar P G Dileep, Manu A S and M C Sanjay, Use of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar. International Journal of Structural And Civil Engineering Research, vol. 2, no. 2, 2013. (ISSN 2319-6009).

11. Sankh, Biradar, Naghathan, Manjunath and Ishwargol, Recent Trends in Replacement of Natural Sand With Different Alternatives. International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology – 2014 (ICAET-2014), e-ISSN: 2278-1684, pp. 59–66, p-ISSN: 2320-334X.

12. Gaurav Singh, Souvik Das, Abdullahi Ahmed, Showmen Saha, Somnath Karmakar. Study of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Fine Aggregates in Concrete for Sustainable Infrastructure. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vol. 195, pp. 2272–2279.

13. Murat Kurt, Türkay Kotan, Muhammed Said Gül, Rüstem Gül, Abdulkadir Cüneyt Aydin. The effect of blast furnace slag on the self-compactability of pumice aggregate lightweight concrete. Sadhana. February 2016, vol. 41, iss. 2, pp. 253–264.

14. Khajuria Chetan and Siddique Rafat, “Use of Iron Slag as Partial Replacement of Sand to Concrete, International Journal of Science”, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), vol. 3, iss. 6, June 2014. ISSN: 2278-7798.

15. Kalmykova Yu.S. Processing of dump blast furnace slag for the production of alkali-activated slag binders. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii [The ecology and production industry of Russia], March 2014, pp. 21–25. (In Russ.)

16. Ignatova A.M. Studying the possibility of using man-made raw materials for the production of fibers and cast billets by way of petrurgical processing. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Povolzhia [The Volga Region Bulletin of Science and Technology], 2013, no. 4, pp. 141–153. (In Russ.)

17. Processing of slags at MMK and Elektrostal. Analytical portal of the chemical industry. Newchmistry.ru. New chemical technologies. Moscow, 2006-2017. Available at: http://www.newchemistry.ru/printletter.php?n_id=3539 (Accessed August 24, 2017).

18. Gorbatova Е.А., Emelyanenko E.A., Lebedev A.N. How the composition of slags determines their applications. Current problems in the processing of complex ores and man-made raw materials (Plaksin readings 2017): Proceedings of the International Science Conference in Krasnoyarsk, September 12th-15th, 2017. Krasnoyarsk: Siberian Federal University, 2017, pp. 105–107. (In Russ.)

19. Guidelines of the Academic Board for Mineralogical Research Methods, no. 31. Types and the order of mineralogical studies to support the operations. (In Russ.)

20. Guidelines of the Academic Board for Mineralogical Research Methods, no. 111. Petrographic analysis of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. (In Russ.)

21. Guidelines of the Academic Board for Analytical Methods, no. 21. Quantitative phase analysis by X-ray diffraction and using the internal standard method. (In Russ.)

22. Guidelines of the Academic Board for Mineralogical Research Methods, no. 188. Electron microscopy as part of the phase and element analysis of finely dispersed objects. (In Russ.)

23. Osborn E.F., Schairer J.F. American Journal of Science. 1941, 239.

24. Tiller U.A. Solidification. Fisicheskoe metallovedenie [Physical Metallurgy]. Moscow: Mir, 1968, vol. 2, pp. 155–226.