Emelyushin A.N., Minenko S.S., Gromov V.E., Chapaikin A.S. Structure and Properties Of High Speed Steel R2M9YuAT after Surfacing and Tempering

DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2024-22-3-113-120

Abstract

The methods of modern physical materials science were used to study the structure and properties of high speed steel R2M9YuAT formed by plasma surfacing in nitrogen on a workpiece of 30KhGSA steel. The samples were surfaced by a plasma arc at reverse polarity with the supply of non-current-carrying filler flux-cored wire PP-R2M9YuAT to the weld pool. The alloy structure after surfacing is characteristic of cast and surfaced alloys: martensite, retained austenite and carbides. The primary cells of the martensite-austenitic mixture are surrounded by a developed network of ledeburite eutectic with lamellar and skeleton morphology. The nucleation of both eutectics can be associated with a partial modification of the carbide phase due to alloying with nitrogen. The microhardness distribution of the surfaced layer is characterized by significant heterogeneity. This is explained by the complex nature of the thermal effect under conditions of multilayer plasma surfacing. Upon completion of surfacing, the workpiece was subjected to high-temperature tempering: heating temperature was 560-580°C, holding time was 1 hour, and a number of tempering operations was 4. Four-time high-temperature tempering leads to the transformation of retained austenite and the precipitation of carbides and carbonitrides. Ledeburite eutectic partially dissolves, resulting in the destroyed eutectic framework, which has a beneficial effect on the strength characteristics. The number of round carbide formations at crystal junctions decreases. Microhardness of the surfaced metal after tempering increases from 6.89 GPa to 7.48 GPa, and its distribution becomes more uniform. It has been established that the main phases in the surfaced metal after high-temperature tempering are a solid solution of α-iron, carbides and carbonitrides based on iron, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, aluminum and titanium.

Keywords

plasma surfacing, flux-cored wire, nitrogen, microhardness, high speed alloy, microstructure

For citation

Emelyushin A.N., Minenko S.S., Gromov V.E., Chapaikin A.S. Structure and Properties of High Speed Steel R2M9YUAT after Surfacing and Tempering. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta im. G.I. Nosova [Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University]. 2024, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 113-120. https://doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2024-22-3-113-120

Alexey N. Emelyushin – DrSc (Eng.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Foundry and Materials Science, Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russia. Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. ORCID 0000-0002-2893-1153

Sergey S. Minenko – degree-seeking applicant of the Finkel Department of Natural Sciences, Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia. Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. ORCID 0009-0003-6592-2276

Viktor E. Gromov – Doctor (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Head of the Finkel Department of Natural Sciences, Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia. Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. ORCID 0000-0002-5147-5343

Alexander S. Chapaikin – postgraduate student, Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia. Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. ORCID 0009-0009-8160-7827

1. Geller Yu.A. Instrumentalnye stali [Tool steels]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1983, 527 p. (In Russ.)

2. Goldshtein M.I., Grachev S.V., Veksler Yu.G. Spetsialnye stali [Special steels]. Moscow: MISIS, 1999, 408 p. (In Russ.)

3. Paton B.E. Tekhnologiya elektricheskoy svarki metallov i splavov plavleniem [Technology of electric welding of metals and alloys by fusion]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1974, 768 p. (In Russ.)

4. Malushin N.N., Valuev D.V. Obespechenie kachestva detaley metallurgicheskogo oborudovaniya na vsekh etapakh ikh zhiznennogo tsikla putem primeneniya plazmennoy naplavki teplostoykimi stalyami [Ensuring the quality of metallurgical equipment parts at all stages of their life cycle using plasma surfacing with heat-resistant steels]. Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature (NTL) Publishing House, 2013, 358 p. (In Russ.)

5. Malushin N.N., Gromov V.E., Romanov D.A., Baschenko L.P., Peregudov O.A. Uprochnenie teplostoykikh splavov plazmoy v srede azota: monografiya [Strengthening of heat-resistant alloys by plasma in nitrogen environment: monograph]. Novokuznetsk: LLC Polygrafist, 2022, 232 p. (In Russ.)

6. Malushin N.N., Gromov V.E., Bashchenko L.P., Peregudov O.A., Raikov S.V., Kryukov R.E. Plazmennaya naplavka v azote bystrorezhushchimi stalyami: ucheb. posobie [Plasma surfacing in nitrogen with high-speed steels: study guide]. Novokuznetsk: LLC Polygrafist, 2023, 237 p. (In Russ.)

7. Malushin N.N., Gromov V.E., Romanov D.A., Bashchenko L.P., Gostevskaya A.N. Technology of strengthening parts of metallurgical equipment with high-speed alloys with nitrogen. Zagotovitelnye proizvodstva v mashinostroyenii [Blanking Production in Mechanical Engineering]. 2023;21(10):441-447. (In Russ.)

8. Emelyushin A.N., Petrochenko E.V., Nefedev S.P. Comparison of the structure and properties of cast and surfaced wear-resistant materials. Liteynye protsessy [Foundry Processes]. 2012;(11):141-145. (In Russ.)

9. Nefedev S.P., Emelyushin A.N. The influence of nitrogen on the formation of the structure and properties of plasma coatings of type 10R6М5. Vestnik Yugorskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Yugra State University]. 2021;(3(62)):33-45. (In Russ.)

10. Fetisov G.P. et al. Materialovedenie i tekhnologiya materialov [Materials science and technology of materials]. In 2 parts. Part 1. Moscow: Yurayt Publishing House, 2023, 406 p. (In Russ.)

11. Dedyukh R.I. Materialovedenie i tekhnologii konstruktsionnykh materialov. Tekhnologiya svarki plavleniem [Materials science and technology of structural materials. Fusion welding technology]. Moscow: Yurayt Publishing House, 2023, 169 p. (In Russ.)

12. Bely A.V., Kalinichenko A.S., Devoino O.G., Kukareko V.A. Inzheneriya poverkhnostey konstruktsionnykh materialov s ispolzovaniem plazmennykh i puchkovykh tekhnologiy [Engineering of surfaces of structural materials using plasma and beam technologies]. Minsk: Belaruskaya navuka, 2017, 459 p. (In Russ.)

13. Ryabtsev I.A., Senchenkov I.K. Teoriya i praktika naplavochnykh rabot [Theory and practice of surfacing operations]. Kyiv: Ecotekhnologiya, 2013, 400 p. (In Russ.)

14. Pokhodnya I.K., Shlepakov V.N., Maksimov S.Yu., Ryabtsev I.A. Research and development of the Paton Institute of Electric Welding in the field of electric arc welding and surfacing with flux-cored wire: Review. Avtomaticheskaya svarka [Automatic Welding]. 2010;(12(692)):34-42. (In Russ.)

15. Sosnin N.A., Ermakov S.A., Topolyansky P.A. Plazmennye tekhnologii. Svarka, nanesenie pokrytiy, uprochnenie [Plasma technologies. Welding, coating, hardening]. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 2008, 406 p. (In Russ.)

16. Ladd M., Palmer R. Structure determination by X-ray crystallography. New York: Kluwer Academic, Plenum Publishers, 2003, 819 p.

17. Waseda Y., Matsubara E., Shinoda K. Diffraction crystallography. Introduction, examples and solved problems. Berlin: Springer, 2011, 310 p.

18. Ernst F., Ruhle M. High-resolution imaging and spectrometry of materials. Berlin: Springer, 2003, 440 p.

19. Weirich T. Electron crystallography. Berlin: Springer, 2006, 536 p.