Abstract
Problem Statement (Relevance): The paper contains the results of the experimental studies on the developed comprehensive processing technology of acid technogenic formations of yellow copper ore mining plants. The authors considered main regularities of the selective extraction of copper, iron and manganese ions from acid mine waters. The paper presents the results of the experimental study on manganese extraction process parameters by the electrochemical deposition of Mn2+ ions under the influence of “active chlorine” and subsequent extraction of a forming dispersed phase by an electroflotation method. The authors analyzed the influence of key parameters of the electric deposition and electroflotation processes: pH of solutions, electrode current density, processing time of solutions and a background composition of electrolytes. They also analyzed how cementation process parameters influenced the selectivity and completeness of extraction of copper ions: the pH range; processing time and a ratio of components (copper and iron ions) charged to the cementation unit. The paper considers the factors influencing deposition efficiency of iron ions by an acid-base deposition method. Objective: To develop the environment-friendly comprehensive processing technology for acid waste waters of yellow copper ore mining plants to selectively extract manganese in the form of standard raw materials and basic metals (copper and iron), while reducing the manganese concentration in discharges to the maximum allowable concentration norms. Methods Applied: Laboratory and field experiments performed on a diaphragmless double-chamber electroflotation unit for solutions and extracted technological products, whose chemical composition was analyzed by photometric determination techniques applied for metal cations and atomic absorption techniques for the products obtained by the technology. The phase composition of the precipitate formed during the process was studied by an X-ray phase analysis on the general-purpose diffractometer with a copper anode DRON-1. Originality: The developed process flow diagram of acid waste water processing and treatment at yellow copper ore mining plants is used to extract metal ions efficiently and selectively: copper up to 96%, iron up to 84% and manganese up to 99%. Findings: We provided a theoretical justification of the manganese selective extraction from acid underspoil waters of yellow copper ore deposits based on a combination of electrocoagulation of Mn (II) by “active chlorine” and subsequent electroflotation extraction of the formed manganese dispersed phase from solutions. We determined the dependences between pH, current density, time and a background composition of electrolytes and the electrocoagulation extraction of Mn2+ ions from aqueous solutions in the form of a dispersed phase. The phase composition of the formed dispersed phase was established: compounds of MnO(OH)2 and MnO(OH) types (86%), and Mn(OH)SO4, Mn(OH)CO3, Mn(OH)SO4(H2O)2 (14% ). We proposed the mechanism of electroflotation extraction of the dispersed phase MnO(OH) and MnO(OH)2 from aqueous solutions. It consists in the electrostatic formation of the flotation complex: “dispersed phase (+) – bubble (Н2 –)”. Practical Relevance: The results of the research can be useful for industrial plants processing dispersed water systems to extract and concentrate valuable components.
Keywords
Technology, process parameters, extraction, technological products, copper, iron, manganese.
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