Abstract
Corrosion resistant fasteners are widely used in nuclear power, oil and gas industries, aircraft and ship building, healthcare, food industry and other sectors. They are mainly austenitic steels that are used for the manufacture of fasteners with high corrosion resistance. In 2014 the Russian Federation shipped 46 % of the fasteners overseas. For the most part these included high-strength products and stainless and heat-resistant steel hardware. The aim of streamlining and expanding the production of stainless steel fasteners is an important task for the domestic industry in terms of import substitution. The objective of this research is to identify efficient lubricants and lubricating coatings that can be used for the production of stainless steel fasteners by press forming. Experimental studies were carried out simulating the processes of direct extrusion and reduction of cylindrical stainless steel workpieces when applying different lubricants and lubricating coatings. The strain applied to the primary workpieces, as well as the force necessary to kick the deformed billet out of the die were defined, and based on the above the quality of the test lubricants and coatings was assessed. It was found that the oxalate coating and the thermochemical copper coating provide the most efficient lubricating coatings. 14 types of lubricants were examined. The following brands proved to be most efficient among conventional lubricants: Embol-4, Forsol, KTIOL and Tvol. The foreign brands of Makko-Exrudoil-51 and Extruding-641 Witco Chemical (USA) proved to be efficient too. In terms of cost-to-performance ratio, the Russian lubricant "Rosoil-SHOCK" proves to be competitive on the global market. The lubricant "Rosoil-SHOCK" was given a test run by the fastener manufacturers of Avtonormal (Belebey) and Etna (Nizhniy Novgorod) and proved to be highly efficient.
Keywords
Stainless steels, lubricants, lubricating coating, direct extrusion, reduction, punch, die, ejector, force of deformation, ejection force.
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