Abstract
Physical modelling finds a successful application in materials science and metal forming for both basic research, which looks at the rheological properties of materials, and for applied research which is aimed at introducing laboratory test results into the industrial environment. An accurate knowledge of the characteristics of the metals and alloys being examined is an integral part of the development of new technologies. New mathematical models offer a considerable increase in the accuracy of mathematical modeling of the processes under analysis.
There has recently been an intense enhancement of laboratory facilities which now allow researchers to simulate real-life production processes with a high degree of accuracy. The most popular devices designed for physical modelling include the GLEEBLE system simulating metallurgical processes, and torsion plastometers. These devices enable research to be conducted in a wide range of strain parameters. Depending on the process analyzed, it is possible to conduct research applying different strain patterns – compression, tension, torsion, torsion with tension or torsion with compression.
Upon physical modelling, a metallographic analysis and mechanical properties testing are carried out for the deformed material. This creates a basis which makes it possible to optimize the technology currently used and develop new manufacturing processes.
This paper analyzes the results of the physical modelling of a rolling process of low carbon round steel bars used for cold upsetting of 30MnB4 steel. The study was conducted based on the process parameters of one of the continuous bar rolling mills. Physical modeling was done with the help of the STD 812 torsion plastometer and the GLEEBLE 3800 simulator.
Upon physical modelling, a metallographic analysis and mechanical properties testing were carried out for the test material. Studies were done to identify the effect of the early stage processes on the properties of the finished product.
Keywords
Low carbon steel, physical modelling, torsion test, compression test, metallographic test, mechanical properties.
1. Sińczak J.: "Plastic Working Processes", Scientific Publishing House "Akapit", Cracow 2003, ISBN 83-89541-11-4, pp. 479-480.
2. Nowakowski A., Kuźmiński Z.: "Physical simulation of ring rolling with the use of a torsion plastometer", Metallurgist – Metallurgical News, 6 (2003), pp. 246-251.
3. Laber K., Dyja H., Milenin A.: "Modelling of heat exchange processes during a controlled strip rolling process", Proceedings of the III Scientific Conference "Rolling Industry 2005 – Processes – Tools – Materials" Ustroń, 19-21 of October 2005, Scientific Publishing House "Akapit", Kraków 2005 r., ISBN 83-89541-52-1, pp. 97-102.
4. Laber K., Milenin A., Markowski J.: "Physical modelling techniques for the processes occuring in the material during a controlled round bar rolling process", Conference Proceedings of the Reporting Conference of Members of the All Section of the Metallurgy Committee of Polish Academy of Sciences "Metalurgy 2006" under title: "Polish Metallurgy in 2002-2006", edited by K. Świątkowski, Krynica-Czarny Potok 11-14 of October 2006, Scientific Publishing House "Akapit", Cracow 2006, ISBN 83-910159-4-7, pp. 519-526.
5. Laber K., Dyja H., Koczurkiewicz B., Sawicki S.: "Physical modelling of a 20MnB4 steel wire rod rolling process", Scientific Conference "ROLLING INDUSTRY 2014 – Processes – Tools – Materials", Scientific Publishing House "Akapit", Cracow 2014, ISBN 978-83-63663-51-3, 20.10 - 22.10.2014r., Ustroń, pp. 37-42.
6. Laber K., Koczurkiewicz B.: "Identifying optimum conditions for the process of controlled cooling of rolled products with the diameter of 16.5 mm made of 20MnB4 steel", 24th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials – METAL 2015, Conference Proceedings, June 3rd-5th 2015, Hotel Voroněž I, Brno Czech Republic, EU, Tanger Ltd., Ostrava, ISBN 978-80-87294-62-8 (with CD-ROM, containing full texts of papers, as a part of the proceedings, published in the Thomson Reuters database), pp. 364-370.
7. Sawada Y., Foley R. P., Thompson S. W., Krauss G.: "Proc. 35th MWSP" Conf. Proc. ISS-AIME, Pitsburgh, 1994, p. 263.
8. Dyja H., Koczurkiewicz B., Laber K., Knapiński M.: "Physical simulation of the microstructure evolution of the specimens made from 30MnB4 steel", Metal Forming, Collection of Science Papers, No. 2 (41) 2015, The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Donbas State Engineering Academy, ISSN 2076-2151, Kramatorsk 2015, pp. 65-70.
9. Dyja H., Koczurkiewicz B., Laber K., Knapiński M.: "The use of dilatometer DIL 805A/D for the prediction of the microstructure of a steel wire rod for cold upsetting", Metal Forming, Collection of Science Papers, No. 2 (41) 2015, The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Donbas State Engineering Academy, ISSN 2076-2151, Kramatorsk 2015, pp. 239-245.