DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2025-23-3-43-51
Abstract
Problem Statement (Relevance). Despite the ever-growing complexity of the process for obtaining land for industrial use, the specific land intensity of mining operations in Russia has remained unchanged. The highest land intensity of mining operations (ha / million tons) is associated with the development of stratified deposits. The maximum values of this indicator are observed during exploitation of placers. At the same time, if the specific land intensity gradually decreases during the development of large-scale deep placers, then the land intensity value remains very high during the development of smaller and shallower placer deposits. This is largely due to external waste disposal. Objectives are to find technologies for developing shallow placers that have maximum volumes of internal waste disposal. Methods Applied. The development of process flowcharts with internal waste disposal was carried out by using a patent search, analyzing the experience of shallow placer development, graphical and analytical calculations for mining parameters, considering the use of conventional mining equipment in these conditions. Originality. Technological schemes for developing shallow placer deposits are proposed, providing almost complete storage of mining waste and enrichment waste in mined-out spaces, including in conditions of permafrost development, where natural thaw of sand requires exposure of large areas for preparation of reserves for extraction. Result. The use of internal waste disposal allows to reduce land intensity of mining operations by 25-40% while significantly reducing costs of reclaiming and restoring disturbed soils in a shorter period of time. Practical Relevance. The proposed technological schemes can be applied to shallow medium and narrow placers, as well as to wide permafrost deposits using mechanical loosening of peat and layer-by-layer thawing of sand.
Keywords
the land intensity of mining operations, placers, open-pit mining, internal waste disposal, technological scheme of development
For citation
Talgamer B.L., Dorosh E.A., Meshkov I.A., Roslavtseva Yu.G. Reducing the Land Intensity of Mining Operations During the Development of Shallow Placers. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta im. G.I. Nosova [Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University]. 2025, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 43-51. https://doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2025-23-3-43-51
1. Safronov V.P. Zaytsev Yu.V. Safronov V.V. The value of the criteria of specific land capacity and land use in the turnover of land resources in the development of mining fields. Izvestiya TulGU. Nauki o Zemle [Izvestiya Tula State University. Earth sciences], 2023;(2):313-321. (In Russ.)
2. Yurii Litvinov, Yevhen Terekhov, and Volodymyr Fenenko. Improvement of open field development technology as a factor in the formation of quality and market value of reclaimed land. E3S Web of Conferences 123, 0 (2019) Ukrainian School of Mining Engineering (2019). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /201912301045.
3. Mormul, T.M., Terekhov, Ye.V. Environmental and economic estimation of technological solutions in terms of land resource conservation in the process of open-cast mining. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2017;3:122-128.
4. WILHELM KNABE. Methods and results of strip-mine reclamation in Germany. The Ohio Journal of Science. 1964;64(2):75.
5. Petrova T.A. Rudzish E. Types of soil improvers for reclamation of technologically disturbed lands. GIAB [Mining Information and Analytical Bulletin], 2021;(4):100-112. (In Russ.)
6. Kosolapov O.V. Typification of impacts to the environment from developing of mineral deposits]. Izvestie Uralskogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], 2014;2(34):54-60. (In Russ.)
7. Ivanov E.A. Talgamer B.L. Analysis of the structure of lands disturbed by underground mining of ore deposits. Nauki o Zemle i nedropolzovanie [Earth sciences and subsoil use], 2023;(46(4)):413-422. doi: 10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-4-413-422. EDN: WULGWZ. (In Russ.)
8. Kornilkov S.V. Antoninova N.Yu. Shubina A.A. Ecological aspects of choosing a recultivation scenario in mineral mining. GIAB [Mining Information and Analytical Bulletin], 2021;5(2):218-230. (In Russ.)
9. Selyukov A.V. Evaluation of ground capacity of coal mines by modification of opencast mining system. Izvestiya Uralskogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], 2016;(3(43)):82-86. (In Russ.)
10. Goncharov M.S. Rozhkov I.M. Larionova I.A. Extraction and use of fossil fuels as the cornerstone of geoecology concentration in Russia. Ekonomika promyshlennosti [Russian Journal of Industrial Economics], 2020;13(4):550-560. (In Russ.)
11. Selyukov A.V. Lopatin A.V. Organizational and methodological aspects of designing technologies for internal dumping in the mines of the central and northern Kuzbass]. Sovremennye tendentsii [Current trends], 2021;(12):165-171. (In Russ.)
12. Talgamer B.L. Environmental assessment of dredging operations. Izvestiya VUZov. Gornyy zhurnal [Minerals and Mining Engineering], 1995;(3-4):27-30. (In Russ.)
13. Cheban A.Yu. Sekisov A.G. Combined technology for the development of complex structure deep gold placers]. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta im. G.I. Nosova [Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University], 2023;21(1):24-30. (In Russ.)
14. Nechaev K.B. Dudinskiy F.V. Technology development of loose deposits by draglines of cross-trenches. Vestnik ZabGU [Transbaikal state university journal], 2015;(03(118)):11-20. (In Russ.)
15. Leshkov V.G. Razrabotka rossypnykh mestorozhdeniy [Development of placer deposits]. Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2007, 906 p. (In Russ.)
16. Petin A.N. Tolstopyatova O.S. Petina M.A. The problems of reclamation of lands affected by the mining industry: Russian and international experience. Earth sciences [Earth sciences], 2017;(13):258-260. (In Russ.)