DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-3-5-14
Abstract
Relevance and objective of the study. An increase in the resource potential of the country depends on the expansion of the development of natural and man-made gold-bearing placers of the Far Eastern region, most of which are represented by a clay component with a high content of fine fractions. It is particularly important to develop more advanced systems that ensure the destruction of microstructural bonds of clay minerals. Theoretical studies and calculation methods are being developed for the design of installations that initiate the destruction of the structural bonds of the mineral component in hydraulic mixtures and work on the basis of modulation of hydrodynamic effects with the initiation of shock loads. Objective. Development of a technical solution that provides an increase in the technological level of mineral extraction in the processing of high-clay sands of placers by reducing the loss of small and fine particles of valuable components by introducing installations, activating microdisintegration, into the technological cycle with the formation of hydrodynamic effects that contribute to the strengthening of oscillations by changing the speed mode. Results. The analytical calculation served as a basis for obtaining data on the change in the mass hydrodynamic power and thermodynamic potential of the system in the process of destruction of the mineral component of the hydraulic mixture in the proposed installation, which simulates hydrodynamic effects taking into account the volumetric flow rate of the hydraulic mixture. The paper proposes a process flow chart of processing using a device of a new design for microdisintegration with the subsequent extraction of valuable minerals in thin layer flows by gravity-dynamic method and leaching. The calculations established the parameters for controlling the process of microdisintegration of mineral particles at the first stage of creating turbulence in the generator. The decisive role is attributed to the change in the hydrodynamic force of the jet coming out of the nozzle with the variation of the volumetric flow rate of the hydraulic mixture and the flow rate of the hydraulic mixture. The change in the specific interfacial surface of clay mineral particles also depends on the specific surface energy and the thermodynamic potential of the system. Calculations have established that when using a central centrifugal pump, PR 12.5/12.5-SP, with a volumetric flow rate of a hydraulic mixture of 12 m3/h, the thermodynamic potential of the system increases significantly, stimulating an increase in the specific interfacial surface of the particle system by five orders of magnitude compared to the original values. Conclusions. The development of research on the design of gravity installations of a new type will make it possible to adapt them to use on natural high-clay and man-made placers with a high content of fine gold. The use of a hydrodynamic generator, which activates microdisintegration in hydrodynamic flows, will reduce the loss of fine particles of valuable components and improve the operational performance of the complex maintenance.
Keywords
high-clay sands, microdisintegration, thermodynamic potential, hydrodynamic generator
For citation
Khrunina N.P. Improving the Design of the Device for Microdisintegration of Mineral Components in Hydraulic Mixtures. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta im. G.I. Nosova [Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University]. 2023, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 5-14. https://doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2023-21-3-5-14
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