DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2022-20-3-35-44
Abstract
Relevance and objective of the study. Precious and non-ferrous metal ore deposits mainly have a complex structure with a high variability in the content of useful components in the massif; therefore, their development using the blasting loosening leads to a significant regrading and dilution of ores, subsequently leading to an increase in the cost of enrichment and a decrease in the throughout extraction of useful components. The well-known combined development schemes, which involve the mechanical extraction of especially rich ores by drilling, do not provide for the identification of the exact contours of zones of rich and especially rich ores, and also do not allow for the advance ex-traction of the entire volume of especially valuable raw materials from the massif. Objective. Improving the technology of combined development of complex structure ore deposits by clarifying the contours of zones of rich and especially rich ores, selecting a set of equipment to ensure their high-quality selective extraction, as well as substantiating efficiency of disintegration of relatively strong ores with solutions of surfactants. Results. The conducted experimental studies on the softening of medium-hard rock samples with a solution of surfactants showed a significant decrease in their strength in uniaxial compression and tension. The paper proposes an improved development technology, which consists in the formation of a network of blast holes, which are at the same time sample workings at the first stage of an accompanying exploration. When zones with a high content of a useful component are identified, the second stage of the accompanying exploration is carried out, including a local thickening of the network of the holes of a smaller diameter and interval sampling, leading to outlining rich and especially rich ores laterally and vertically. Then the resulting dense network of the holes is used to impregnate the massif with a solution of surfactants. Advanced loosening and excavation of local areas of especially rich ores is carried out by a hydraulic excavator equipped with interchangeable equipment, such as a hydraulic hammer and a hydraulic grab. The rest of the massif is loosened by blasting, and then the ore mass is extracted with an open-pit excavator. Conclusions. The proposed technology is used to specify the contours of rich and especially rich ores in the massif. Hydraulic hammers are used to break especially rich ores along the boundaries of the identified contour with a minimal regrading, increasing the extraction of useful components during the subsequent processing of valuable mineral raw materials.
Keywords
especially rich ores, surfactants, softening, advanced mechanical mining, excavator, hydraulic hammer, productivity
For citation
Cheban A.Yu., Sekisov A.G. Improvement in the Technology for the Development of Complex Deposits Applying Combined Ore Extraction. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta im. G.I. Nosova [Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University]. 2022, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 35-44. https://doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2022-20-3-35-44
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