DOI: 10.18503/1995-2732-2022-20-1-5-13
Abstract
Relevance and purpose of the study. Due to a decline in the quality indicators of much mineral reserves and complicating conditions for their development, reserves of valuable mineral raw materials, concentrated in thin and very thin ore veins, are of growing interest. The development of such reserves using conventional technologies, including explosive ripping, leads to a significant dilution of the ore mass with empty rocks; this increases the cost of processing raw materials and reduces the throughput of metal. At the same time, well-known technologies and equipment for mechanical selective excavation do not provide adequate efficiency in the development of very thin ore veins composed of strong rocks. A promising method for extracting local areas of lump ores may be their delineation by cutting slots. Objective. Substantiation of a resource-saving method for mining very thin ore veins, providing an increase in performance of local mechanical extraction and a decrease in energy intensity of this process. Results. Experimental studies on cutting samples of vein rocks from one of the gold deposits of the Far East region showed satisfactory results in terms of performance and energy intensity of this process. The paper proposes a method of combined mining of very thin ore veins containing valuable mineral raw materials with an improved mining machine. The method consists in a local advanced mechanical highly selective ascending excavation of the richest sections of a steeply dipping ore vein by cutting slots with cutting discs along the vein boundaries and breaking out the formed pillar using an elastic expanding device, followed by explosive ripping of adjacent rocks. The rest of the vein with lower metal content in ore is recovered using conventional technologies based only on explosive loosening of solid rocks. Separate processing of various grades of ores provides higher rates of metal recovery, which compensates for the additional costs associated with local mechanical extraction of rich vein areas. Conclusions. The use of the proposed method for the selective extraction of the richest areas of very thin ore veins using the improved mining machine can significantly reduce the number of slots cut, reduce energy intensity of the process of preparing solid rocks for excavation and increase performance of equipment in comparison with the known combined technology. Breaking out the pillars contoured with slots by means of an inflatable jack increases reliability and quality of mechanical excavation, as well as reduces the load on the steel structure of the mining machine.
Keywords
very thin ore veins, selective mechanical mining, cutting discs, slotting, inflatable jack, pillars breaking, performance, energy intensity.
For citation
Cheban A.Yu. Substantiation of a Method for Processing Valuable Mineral Raw Materials Contained in Very Thin Ore Deposits. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta im. G.I. Nosova [Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University]. 2022, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 5–13. https://doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2022-20-1-5-13
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